Process of making motor fuel



Reissued 29, 1925.

UNITEDy STATESy PATENTI OFFICE.y

uns n; FLonEz, or ronrnnr, ooivNEc'rIcUr, AssIGNon, BY MESN'E "ASSIGNMENTS, 'ro THE 'r1-ins coMrANY, A 'conronA'rIoN or TEXAS.

PROCESS or MAKING Moron FUEL.

Original application led December 4, 1917, Serial No. 205,200. RenewedJune 29, 1922, Serial lo.'

Original No. 1,437,045, dated November 2B, 1922.

571,788. 199A. Serial No. 742,925.

To all whom z't may concern.'

Be it known that I, LUIS DE FLoREz, a citizen of the United States, residing at. Poinfret, county of Windham, and State of Connecticut, h-ave invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Making Motor Fuel, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to the roduction of motor fuel by a process constituting an improvement (in point of simplicity) vupon that Adescribed in William A. Hall Patents, 1,175,910 and 1,242,795 and 1,242,796,

v hich atents disclose processes of cracking i15 a more Avolatile material, such processes iiiinii'ier oil products to produce lighter or volving heating'a flowing current of the o ii to be cracked, under a superatmospheric A :pressure of several atmospheres, then cool- 4i'iigthe gases and vapors sulliciently to remove heavy oils and s'olid matter, then raising the pressure of the mixture of gases and vapors and finally cooling under pressure to condense the motor fuel or other product produced.

The accompanying drawings show, more or less diagralnmatically, apparatus which may be employed in carrying'out the proces; of my present invention. In said drawings Fig.- l shows a side elevation partly in section, of an apparatus suitable for carr ing out the process, and Fig. 2 shows one orin of mixing ieceptacle which may be employed at 39 (Fig. 1). Fig. 3 shows in detail, on a. larger scale, the referred form of the connect-ion between pipe -51 and pipe 53.

In producing the motor fuel in accordance tained under a pressure of about four to six atmospheres (a pressure of v5 atmospheres articularly suit-able in the'cracking of cru e kerosene of a gravity of .8). I then .pass the resulting gases and vapors through dephlegmating apparatus of any suitable Application foi-reissue led October 10,

construction which may take the form of filled towers, in order to remove the major portion of such materials as are not volatile at the temperature of the cut, say 200 C. (or generally at temperatures from 140 to 220 C.), this coolingoperation being per formed while the gases and vapors are at a pressure materially below that used in the cracking coils and may; be performed at about atmospheric pressure. To this end, the pipe connecting the decom osing coil and the first condenser is provided-with a suitable constriction. (See Fig. 3.) After leavingthe last dephlegmator, for example that shown at 14 in the accompanying dranings (and after the gases have been passed.

through a. vapor trap 16 if desired), I pass the vapors and gases through a condenser v32 to a trap 33 containing a bailie 34, the

gases passing by pipe 35 to a compressor 36, in which they are compressed to about 5 to 7 atmospheres. II preferably do not employ a. pressure of materially labove 10 atmospheres in this operation, since it is not my intention to produce a liquefaction of such materials as would be'liquefied' at higher pressures. 'v i.

The condensate-.separated from the gases in the trap 33 passes by pipe 37 and pump 38 into a mixinggreoeptacle 39, in which .the gases are mixed with the liquid, and partially absorbed thereby. It is sometimes dcsirable to by-pass the liquid from pipe 37 through a pipe 40, to any suitable refining or treating Avdevices, represented diagramniatically `at 41- (which may include chemical purilication absorption of impurities 'by fuller`s earth or the like, fractional distillation or other suitable operations for the rcinoval of any impurities which may be present) after which the liquidpasses by pipo 41 back to the pipe' 3T and thence to thc pump 38by which the V.liquid is pumped intov the mixer 39,-wherein it ismixed with the gases from the compressor 36. The gases may also be purified between 34 and 39 if desired. It is not necessary to employ vany catalyst in the mixer 39.- The gases and liquids together then pass by pipe 42 intov a cooler 43 and into a collecting tank 44 and any unabsorbed gases pass out through pipe 45fpast the rassure-reducing valve 60, set at any desire pressure, e. g., 5 to -atm'ospheres, and can be used for heating the retort ifi desired. The liquidisdrawn off by Isnipe 46, and constitutes the motor fuel.-

uitable thermometers are provided at T, for measuring or recording the temperatures.

Figure 2 shows one form of mixing receptacle 39 which may be employed in carrying out the process. paratus the gas under pressure enters by pipe 48 from the compressor 36, and the liquid material condensed vin the coil 31 and separated in the trap 33 (either withor without passing through the purifier represented dia rammatically at 41) .enters by pipe 49. T e mixture of gas and liquid eaves by-pipe 42 to the cooling 'or refrigeratin `coil 43`(see Fig. 1).

ig. 3 shows the connection preferably employed between the coil of pipe forming the cracking coil and the pipe leading to the condenser. In 'said figure 51 illustrates the end of the small pipe of lwhich the cracking coil is constructed, which may be a' one-inch pipe. The end of this pipe is provided with a flange 52. 53 is a larger pipe, leadin to the first condenser, and this is provi ed with a flange 54. Between these two flanges is placed the late which is provided with a small ho e` 56. Assumin for illustration that the cracking coil an pipe 51 are one inch (internal diameter) steel pipe, and-that oil is being fed into the converter at a rate of three gallons per minute, and that the temperature of the ases and vapors in 51 is about 605 C., and

t at the pipe 53 is about six inches in internal diameter. To maintain a pressure of about 'T0 lbs. per square inch in the coil, the

.plate 55 may be provided with a hole of (say) one-halfV inch size. A number of plates with different sized holes may be provided, whereby removing the bolts 58 and substituting a plate with a larger or smaller hole, other conditions may be maintained in the cracking coil. This example is given merely by way of example, and without lim- K iting myself to the details thereof.

lI desire to state that I do not claim anything 'shown or described in the W. A. Hall patents above referred to.

The present case contains matter disclosed in my prior application 90,388, filed A ri111, 1916.

t is sometimes advantageous to line or In this form of appartly fill the pipe '53v with a suitable catalyst, e. g., one containing over 50% of'carbon and less thanV 50% of iron, as described and claimed in my copending application 90,387, filed lApril 11, 1916.y This feature is optional in the process constituting the present invention.

What I claim is:

1. `A process of making motor fuel which comprises (a.) cracking under a su eratmospheric. pressure of several atmosp xeres and atan evated temperature, a flowing current of hydrocarbon material containing fractions not sufficiently volatile to serve as constituents of motor fuel, (b) removing from the gases and vapors substantially the entire amount of those fractions having boiling points `above about 200 C., while at a pressure below that used in the cracking operation, and While leaving in the vapor state, substantially the` entire amount of material volatile at such temperature, (c) coiling the remaining mixture of gases and vapors t'o about atmospheric temperature, to condense the major portion of 'the vapors as a light liquid, (d) compressing the remaining gases to a pressure not over about ten atmospheres, (c) and absorbing the same in said light liquid while under approximately* that pressure.

A process of making motor fuel which comprises (a) cracking a hydrocarbon oil containing fractions having boilin points abovel those-of ordinary gasolene, w ile under a pressure of about four to six atmospheres, (b) removing from the gases and va-' ors the. major portion of those fractions raving boiling points above 200 C., while at a pressure materially below that used in the cracking operation, (c) cooling the re- -maining mixture of gases and vapors to about atmospheric temperature while at such reduced pressure, to condense the major p0rtion of the-va ors, and thereby produce a light liquid, purifying .said light liquid, (e) compressing the remalning gases to a pressure of not over about ten atmospheres, and (f) absorbing the same in said light liquid, while under superatmospheric pressure.

3. In the production of motor fuel the ste of bringing together a cracked hydrocaribon liquid containing no considerable quantities of fractions of which the boiling oints are above about 200 C., and a cracked ydrocarbon gas, such liquid and such gas both containing substantial amounts of unsaturated hydrocarbons, at not below atmospheric temperature, and at a superatmospheric pressure of about 5 to 7 atmospheres, 1n the absence of a catalyst, and thereafter cooling the mixture.

4. In the production of motor fuel the ste of bringlng together a refined cracked l1 f rocarbon liquid containing no considera le quantities of fractions of which the boiling points are above about 200 C., and a cracked hydrocarbon gas, such li uid and such gas both containing su stantial amounts of unsaturated hydrocarbons, at not below atmospheric temperature, and at a superatmospheric pressure of about 5 to 7 atmospheres, in the absence of a catalyst, and t ereafter cooling the mixture.

5. In the production of motor fuel, the steps of (a) cracking a mineral oil containing fractions having boiling oints above the boiling oint range of or inary gasoline, by sub]ecting the same to a cracking temperature while under a pressure of several atmospheres, (b) cooling the resulting gases and vapors to not below about 200 C., and separating the condensate, (c) coolin the remaining gases and vapors to normal atmospheric temperature, (d) treating the condensate of step c with the uncondensed gases while under a pressure of about four to six atmospheres, while out of contact with the condensate of step b.

6. In the production of motor fuel, the

- step of mingling under a pressure of not over ten atmosplheres, and at approximately normal atmosp eric tem erature, a cracked `hydrocarbon liquid, su stantially all of which is volatile at 200" C., and which contains considerable amounts of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon gases containing considerable amounts of unsaturated hydrocarbons, in the absence of a catalyst.

7. The process of making motor fuel which comprises cracking a hydrocarbon oil under pressure to produce vapors and .gases containing unsaturated compounds, removing from these vapors and gases substantially the entire amount of those fractions having boiling points above those of gasoline, condensing a liquid from the remaining vapors and gases at substantially normal temperature and pressure, refining said liquid, subjecting the uncondensed gases to a pressure of not over ten atmospheres and mingling the latter with the refined liquid while maintaining the pressure.

8. The process of making motor fuel which comprises cracking a hydrocarbon oil to produce vapors and gases containing unsaturated compounds, removing from these vapors and gases substantially the entire amount of those fractions having boiling points above those of gasoline, roughly separating the remaining vapors and gases into a liquid, comprising relatively heavy hydrocarbons, and ases, comprising relatively light'hydrocar ns, refnin the liquid and subsequently mingling it wit the gases under a pressure of not over ten atmospheres.

9. The process of making motor fuel which comprises condensing a liquid from the vapors ,and gases produced in cracking hydrocarbon oils, which vapors and gases contain unsaturated compounds and contain no substantial amount of those fractions having boiling points above those of gasoline, separating the condensate from the gases refining the condensate and purif ing the gases while so separated and su sequently mingling the condensate and gases under a pressure of not over ten atmospheres.

10. The process of vmaking motor fuel which comprises condensing a liquid from the vapors and gases produced in cracking hydrocarbon oils, which vapors and gases contain unsaturated compounds and contain no substantial amount of those fractions having boiling points above those of gasoline, separating 'the condensate from the gases, purifying the gases and subsequently mingling the purified gases with the condensate under a pressure of not over ten atmos heres.

11. In t e production of motor fuel, the

ste of mingling a hydrocarbon liquid and hy ocarbon gases, each derived from a cracking operation and containing unsaturated hydrocarbons but containing no substantial amount of those fractions having boiling points above those of gasoline, under a superatmospheric pressure of not more than ten atmospheres.

,Signed at New York, N. Y., this 20th lday of September, 1924.

LUIS DE FLOREZ. 

